Palliser Primary Care Network

HPV

Christina Nakahara
August 1, 2022

What is Human Papillomavirus (HPV)?

Human papillomavirus is a common sexually transmitted infection and a leading cause of cervical, anal, vaginal, vulvar, penile, oropharyngeal cancer, and genital warts (1). While some strains may clear on their own, others may progress to cause concerning health issues (2).

Prevention:                                 

• Limiting sexual partners: people who are in long-term monogamous relationships are less likely to get a new HPV infection (3).
• Barrier devices: proper and consistent use of condoms may decrease the risk of exposure to HPV but does not provide complete protection (4).
• Vaccination: although HPV is a leading cause of preventable cancers, there is protection available through immunization.  “The HPV-9 vaccine protects against 9 strains of human papillomavirus.
  These 9 strains may cause up to:
  • 92% of cervical cancers
  • 75% of anal cancers
  • 57% of penile cancers
  • 72% of vaginal cancers
  • 25% of head and neck cancers
  • 90% of genital warts” (1)

Who should get the HPV-9 vaccine?

In Alberta, HPV vaccinations are given in school starting in 6^th grade. If you did not get the HPV-9 vaccine in grade 6, you can still get it at no cost up to and including age 26 years. Adults age 27 through 45 may still benefit from the HPV vaccine. Talk to your doctor to find out if it is a good idea for you. (1)

Cervical Cancer Screening:

Early detection and treatment of precancerous cells on the cervix can prevent progression to invasive cervical cancers.

This is done through a pap test at your physician’s office.  Generally, women 25-69 years of age who are or have ever been sexually active should participate in routine screening. Women 21 through 25 who are sexually active may benefit from cervical cancer screening and should discuss the need for screening with their health care provider.  Routine screening should occur every three years unless otherwise discussed with your healthcare team. (1)